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In many real collections of numbers, a leading one turns up about six times as often as a nine.

Mathematics Facts, sourced to Wolfram MathWorld.

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Benford's law says the chance of a leading digit d is the logarithm of one plus one over d. That makes a leading one appear about thirty percent of the time and a leading nine under five. It holds for river lengths, street addresses, populations and stock prices, because those quantities span several orders of magnitude. Tax authorities and auditors use it: invented figures tend to have digits spread evenly, and real ones do not.

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