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Ground counts as permafrost once it has stayed at or below freezing for two years running.

Earth Science Facts, sourced to National Snow and Ice Data Center.

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The definition is about temperature and duration, not about ice, so dry rock that never thaws qualifies. A thin active layer at the top melts each summer and refreezes each winter, and everything built on the ground has to cope with that. What makes permafrost worth watching is its contents: it holds enormous quantities of undecayed plant matter, frozen before it could rot, along with the carbon locked inside it.

The claim comes from National Snow and Ice Data Center.

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