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Silicon and oxygen together account for nearly three quarters of the Earth's crust by mass.

Earth Science Facts, sourced to Royal Society of Chemistry.

What it means

Almost every rock you have ever picked up is a silicate, which means a framework of silicon and oxygen with a few other atoms tucked into it. Sand, granite, clay, glass and most gemstones are all variations on that theme. The reason is that silicon sits directly below carbon in the periodic table and shares its ability to form four bonds and build extended structures.

The claim comes from Royal Society of Chemistry, and the page it comes from was read on 2026-08-27 to confirm it still says this.

This is not the kind of claim that goes out of date, which is why it was set as a puzzle rather than a fact with a shelf life.

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